Friday 20, September 2024
Spine Degenerative Diseases

Types Of Degenerative Spine Disease

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Back pain is a prevalent symptom that around 80% of individuals encounter at least once during 

their lifetime. According to the WHO, lower back pain affected approximately 640 million cases 

in 2020, and it is estimated that the number of cases will increase to 840 million by 2050. 

Around 8% of the adult population is suffering from chronic back pain. Degenerative diseases 

(Disc Diseases, Spondylolisthesis), Trauma, Infection, Tumours, and Inflammatory Diseases 

(Arthritis/Ankylosing spondylitis) are the common causes of back pain. Spinal Degenerative 

Disease is the most common of all. Degenerative disease is characterized by the gradual loss of 

structure and function of the spine. The spine gradually stiffens, restricting mobility and 

flexibility. 

In today’s era of busy sedentary lifestyles, food habits, smoking, obesity, and the absence of 

exercise in our schedules are risk factors for this disease in most patients. As the disease 

progresses, it causes compression of nerves that leads to Sciatica, Back pain, Limb Pain, 

Numbness, or Weakness and loss or changes of Bladder or Bowel functions infrequently.​

Clinically, symptoms of pain are divided into Acute Pain, Subacute pain, or Chronic Pain. ACUTE 

pain has a symptom duration of less than 6 WEEKs. Most are nonspecific, with only 10-20% 

having an anatomical diagnosis, and 80-90% improve within 1 Month. SUBACUTE pain lasts 

more than 6 WEEKS to 3 MONTHS. In 10% of cases, pain persists beyond 6 weeks. CHRONIC 

Back Pain persists for more than 3 months, with only 5% experiencing pain beyond this 

duration. Structural abnormalities are present in up to 50% of cases. 

For the diagnosis of the disease, radiological imaging like MRI, CT Scan, and X-ray will be 

helpful. Treatment includes Medicines, Nerve Root blocks, and Physiotherapy, which one the 

mainstay of therapy in the majority of patients. If medical management fails, then surgery can be 

of help in selected patients. In today's era of Endoscopic Spine Surgery and Minimal invasive 

Spine Surgeries, the outcome of spine surgery has changed in the patient's favor, with 

advantages of small incision, least tissue damage, and less hospital stay. 

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